高级查询优化示例
此页面描述了基于原生索引功能的高级查询优化。
优化 Cypher® 查询最重要和最有用的方法之一是创建合适的索引。这在创建、显示和删除索引中进行了更详细的描述，并在基本查询优化示例中进行了演示。总而言之，索引将基于Label和property的组合。任何搜索具有特定标签的节点以及该属性上某些谓词（相等性、范围或存在性）的 Cypher 查询，如果成本计划程序认为这是最有效的解决方案，则将计划使用该索引。
为了从原生索引提供的增强功能中获益，了解基于索引的属性查找和基于索引的 ORDER BY何时发挥作用非常有用。让我们解释如何使用更高级的查询优化示例来使用这些功能。
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如果您正在升级现有存储，则可能需要删除并重新创建现有索引。有关原生索引支持以及与索引相关的升级注意事项的信息，请参阅操作手册 → 性能 → 索引配置。 |
数据集
在本节中，示例演示了原生索引在某些条件下对查询性能产生的影响。您将使用电影数据集来说明这种更高级的查询优化。
在本教程中，您将从以下 CSV 文件导入数据
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movies.csv
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actors.csv
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directors.csv
电影
movies.csv 文件包含两列title、released和tagline。
movies.csv 文件的内容
movies.csv
title,released,tagline
Something's Gotta Give,1975,null
Johnny Mnemonic,1995,The hottest data on earth. In the coolest head in town
The Replacements,2000,"Pain heals, Chicks dig scars... Glory lasts forever"
The Devil's Advocate,1997,Evil has its winning ways
The Matrix Revolutions,2003,Everything that has a beginning has an end
The Matrix Reloaded,2003,Free your mind
The Matrix,1999,Welcome to the Real World
The Matrix Revolutions,2003,Everything that has a beginning has an end
The Matrix Reloaded,2003,Free your mind
The Matrix,1999,Welcome to the Real World
The Matrix Revolutions,2003,Everything that has a beginning has an end
The Matrix Reloaded,2003,Free your mind
The Matrix,1999,Welcome to the Real World
V for Vendetta,2006,Freedom! Forever!
Cloud Atlas,2012,Everything is connected
The Matrix Revolutions,2003,Everything that has a beginning has an end
The Matrix Reloaded,2003,Free your mind
The Matrix,1999,Welcome to the Real World
Speed Racer,2008,Speed has no limits
Cloud Atlas,2012,Everything is connected
The Matrix Revolutions,2003,Everything that has a beginning has an end
The Matrix Reloaded,2003,Free your mind
The Matrix,1999,Welcome to the Real World
Ninja Assassin,2009,Prepare to enter a secret world of assassins
V for Vendetta,2006,Freedom! Forever!
Speed Racer,2008,Speed has no limits
V for Vendetta,2006,Freedom! Forever!
Speed Racer,2008,Speed has no limits
Cloud Atlas,2012,Everything is connected
The Matrix Revolutions,2003,Everything that has a beginning has an end
The Matrix Reloaded,2003,Free your mind
The Matrix,1999,Welcome to the Real World
Ninja Assassin,2009,Prepare to enter a secret world of assassins
V for Vendetta,2006,Freedom! Forever!
Speed Racer,2008,Speed has no limits
V for Vendetta,2006,Freedom! Forever!
Ninja Assassin,2009,Prepare to enter a secret world of assassins
Speed Racer,2008,Speed has no limits
V for Vendetta,2006,Freedom! Forever!
The Matrix Revolutions,2003,Everything that has a beginning has an end
The Matrix Reloaded,2003,Free your mind
The Matrix,1999,Welcome to the Real World
The Matrix,1999,Welcome to the Real World
That Thing You Do,1996,In every life there comes a time when that thing you dream becomes that thing you do
The Devil's Advocate,1997,Evil has its winning ways
The Devil's Advocate,1997,Evil has its winning ways
The Devil's Advocate,1997,Evil has its winning ways
Jerry Maguire,2000,The rest of his life begins now.
Top Gun,1986,"I feel the need, the need for speed."
A Few Good Men,1992,"In the heart of the nation's capital, in a courthouse of the U.S. government, one man will stop at nothing to keep his honor, and one will stop at nothing to find the truth."
Something's Gotta Give,1975,null
One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest,1975,"If he's crazy, what does that make you?"
Hoffa,1992,He didn't want law. He wanted justice.
As Good as It Gets,1997,A comedy from the heart that goes for the throat.
A Few Good Men,1992,"In the heart of the nation's capital, in a courthouse of the U.S. government, one man will stop at nothing to keep his honor, and one will stop at nothing to find the truth."
A Few Good Men,1992,"In the heart of the nation's capital, in a courthouse of the U.S. government, one man will stop at nothing to keep his honor, and one will stop at nothing to find the truth."
Apollo 13,1995,"Houston, we have a problem."
Frost/Nixon,2008,400 million people were waiting for the truth.
A Few Good Men,1992,"In the heart of the nation's capital, in a courthouse of the U.S. government, one man will stop at nothing to keep his honor, and one will stop at nothing to find the truth."
Stand By Me,1995,"For some, it's the last real taste of innocence, and the first real taste of life. But for everyone, it's the time that memories are made of."
A Few Good Men,1992,"In the heart of the nation's capital, in a courthouse of the U.S. government, one man will stop at nothing to keep his honor, and one will stop at nothing to find the truth."
A Few Good Men,1992,"In the heart of the nation's capital, in a courthouse of the U.S. government, one man will stop at nothing to keep his honor, and one will stop at nothing to find the truth."
What Dreams May Come,1998,After life there is more. The end is just the beginning.
As Good as It Gets,1997,A comedy from the heart that goes for the throat.
Jerry Maguire,2000,The rest of his life begins now.
A Few Good Men,1992,"In the heart of the nation's capital, in a courthouse of the U.S. government, one man will stop at nothing to keep his honor, and one will stop at nothing to find the truth."
A Few Good Men,1992,"In the heart of the nation's capital, in a courthouse of the U.S. government, one man will stop at nothing to keep his honor, and one will stop at nothing to find the truth."
Hoffa,1992,He didn't want law. He wanted justice.
A Few Good Men,1992,"In the heart of the nation's capital, in a courthouse of the U.S. government, one man will stop at nothing to keep his honor, and one will stop at nothing to find the truth."
A Few Good Men,1992,"In the heart of the nation's capital, in a courthouse of the U.S. government, one man will stop at nothing to keep his honor, and one will stop at nothing to find the truth."
Ninja Assassin,2009,Prepare to enter a secret world of assassins
V for Vendetta,2006,Freedom! Forever!
A Few Good Men,1992,"In the heart of the nation's capital, in a courthouse of the U.S. government, one man will stop at nothing to keep his honor, and one will stop at nothing to find the truth."
When Harry Met Sally,1998,At odds in life... in love on-line.
Stand By Me,1995,"For some, it's the last real taste of innocence, and the first real taste of life. But for everyone, it's the time that memories are made of."
A Few Good Men,1992,"In the heart of the nation's capital, in a courthouse of the U.S. government, one man will stop at nothing to keep his honor, and one will stop at nothing to find the truth."
When Harry Met Sally,1998,At odds in life... in love on-line.
A Few Good Men,1992,"In the heart of the nation's capital, in a courthouse of the U.S. government, one man will stop at nothing to keep his honor, and one will stop at nothing to find the truth."
A Few Good Men,1992,"In the heart of the nation's capital, in a courthouse of the U.S. government, one man will stop at nothing to keep his honor, and one will stop at nothing to find the truth."
Top Gun,1986,"I feel the need, the need for speed."
Top Gun,1986,"I feel the need, the need for speed."
Top Gun,1986,"I feel the need, the need for speed."
Top Gun,1986,"I feel the need, the need for speed."
When Harry Met Sally,1998,At odds in life... in love on-line.
Joe Versus the Volcano,1990,"A story of love, lava and burning desire."
Sleepless in Seattle,1993,"What if someone you never met, someone you never saw, someone you never knew was the only someone for you?"
You've Got Mail,1998,At odds in life... in love on-line.
Top Gun,1986,"I feel the need, the need for speed."
Top Gun,1986,"I feel the need, the need for speed."
Top Gun,1986,"I feel the need, the need for speed."
Jerry Maguire,2000,The rest of his life begins now.
Jerry Maguire,2000,The rest of his life begins now.
Stand By Me,1995,"For some, it's the last real taste of innocence, and the first real taste of life. But for everyone, it's the time that memories are made of."
Jerry Maguire,2000,The rest of his life begins now.
Jerry Maguire,2000,The rest of his life begins now.
The Green Mile,1999,Walk a mile you'll never forget.
Jerry Maguire,2000,The rest of his life begins now.
Jerry Maguire,2000,The rest of his life begins now.
Jerry Maguire,2000,The rest of his life begins now.
Jerry Maguire,2000,The rest of his life begins now.
Jerry Maguire,2000,The rest of his life begins now.
Jerry Maguire,2000,The rest of his life begins now.
Stand By Me,1995,"For some, it's the last real taste of innocence, and the first real taste of life. But for everyone, it's the time that memories are made of."
Stand By Me,1995,"For some, it's the last real taste of innocence, and the first real taste of life. But for everyone, it's the time that memories are made of."
Stand By Me,1995,"For some, it's the last real taste of innocence, and the first real taste of life. But for everyone, it's the time that memories are made of."
Stand By Me,1995,"For some, it's the last real taste of innocence, and the first real taste of life. But for everyone, it's the time that memories are made of."
RescueDawn,2006,Based on the extraordinary true story of one man's fight for freedom
Stand By Me,1995,"For some, it's the last real taste of innocence, and the first real taste of life. But for everyone, it's the time that memories are made of."
Cast Away,2000,"At the edge of the world, his journey begins."
Twister,1996,Don't Breathe. Don't Look Back.
As Good as It Gets,1997,A comedy from the heart that goes for the throat.
You've Got Mail,1998,At odds in life... in love on-line.
As Good as It Gets,1997,A comedy from the heart that goes for the throat.
As Good as It Gets,1997,A comedy from the heart that goes for the throat.
What Dreams May Come,1998,After life there is more. The end is just the beginning.
Snow Falling on Cedars,1999,First loves last. Forever.
What Dreams May Come,1998,After life there is more. The end is just the beginning.
What Dreams May Come,1998,After life there is more. The end is just the beginning.
RescueDawn,2006,Based on the extraordinary true story of one man's fight for freedom
Bicentennial Man,1999,One robot's 200 year journey to become an ordinary man.
The Birdcage,1996,Come as you are
What Dreams May Come,1998,After life there is more. The end is just the beginning.
What Dreams May Come,1998,After life there is more. The end is just the beginning.
Snow Falling on Cedars,1999,First loves last. Forever.
Ninja Assassin,2009,Prepare to enter a secret world of assassins
Snow Falling on Cedars,1999,First loves last. Forever.
The Green Mile,1999,Walk a mile you'll never forget.
Snow Falling on Cedars,1999,First loves last. Forever.
Snow Falling on Cedars,1999,First loves last. Forever.
You've Got Mail,1998,At odds in life... in love on-line.
You've Got Mail,1998,At odds in life... in love on-line.
RescueDawn,2006,Based on the extraordinary true story of one man's fight for freedom
You've Got Mail,1998,At odds in life... in love on-line.
A League of Their Own,1992,Once in a lifetime you get a chance to do something different.
The Polar Express,2004,This Holiday Season… Believe
Charlie Wilson's War,2007,A stiff drink. A little mascara. A lot of nerve. Who said they couldn't bring down the Soviet empire.
Cast Away,2000,"At the edge of the world, his journey begins."
Apollo 13,1995,"Houston, we have a problem."
The Green Mile,1999,Walk a mile you'll never forget.
The Da Vinci Code,2006,Break The Codes
Cloud Atlas,2012,Everything is connected
That Thing You Do,1996,In every life there comes a time when that thing you dream becomes that thing you do
Joe Versus the Volcano,1990,"A story of love, lava and burning desire."
Sleepless in Seattle,1993,"What if someone you never met, someone you never saw, someone you never knew was the only someone for you?"
You've Got Mail,1998,At odds in life... in love on-line.
That Thing You Do,1996,In every life there comes a time when that thing you dream becomes that thing you do
Sleepless in Seattle,1993,"What if someone you never met, someone you never saw, someone you never knew was the only someone for you?"
You've Got Mail,1998,At odds in life... in love on-line.
When Harry Met Sally,1998,At odds in life... in love on-line.
When Harry Met Sally,1998,At odds in life... in love on-line.
Sleepless in Seattle,1993,"What if someone you never met, someone you never saw, someone you never knew was the only someone for you?"
Sleepless in Seattle,1993,"What if someone you never met, someone you never saw, someone you never knew was the only someone for you?"
Sleepless in Seattle,1993,"What if someone you never met, someone you never saw, someone you never knew was the only someone for you?"
A League of Their Own,1992,Once in a lifetime you get a chance to do something different.
Sleepless in Seattle,1993,"What if someone you never met, someone you never saw, someone you never knew was the only someone for you?"
Joe Versus the Volcano,1990,"A story of love, lava and burning desire."
The Birdcage,1996,Come as you are
Joe Versus the Volcano,1990,"A story of love, lava and burning desire."
When Harry Met Sally,1998,At odds in life... in love on-line.
When Harry Met Sally,1998,At odds in life... in love on-line.
When Harry Met Sally,1998,At odds in life... in love on-line.
That Thing You Do,1996,In every life there comes a time when that thing you dream becomes that thing you do
The Replacements,2000,"Pain heals, Chicks dig scars... Glory lasts forever"
Unforgiven,1992,"It's a hell of a thing, killing a man"
The Birdcage,1996,Come as you are
The Replacements,2000,"Pain heals, Chicks dig scars... Glory lasts forever"
The Replacements,2000,"Pain heals, Chicks dig scars... Glory lasts forever"
The Replacements,2000,"Pain heals, Chicks dig scars... Glory lasts forever"
RescueDawn,2006,Based on the extraordinary true story of one man's fight for freedom
Twister,1996,Don't Breathe. Don't Look Back.
RescueDawn,2006,Based on the extraordinary true story of one man's fight for freedom
Charlie Wilson's War,2007,A stiff drink. A little mascara. A lot of nerve. Who said they couldn't bring down the Soviet empire.
The Birdcage,1996,Come as you are
Unforgiven,1992,"It's a hell of a thing, killing a man"
Unforgiven,1992,"It's a hell of a thing, killing a man"
Unforgiven,1992,"It's a hell of a thing, killing a man"
Johnny Mnemonic,1995,The hottest data on earth. In the coolest head in town
Johnny Mnemonic,1995,The hottest data on earth. In the coolest head in town
Johnny Mnemonic,1995,The hottest data on earth. In the coolest head in town
Johnny Mnemonic,1995,The hottest data on earth. In the coolest head in town
Cloud Atlas,2012,Everything is connected
Cloud Atlas,2012,Everything is connected
Cloud Atlas,2012,Everything is connected
The Da Vinci Code,2006,Break The Codes
The Da Vinci Code,2006,Break The Codes
The Da Vinci Code,2006,Break The Codes
Apollo 13,1995,"Houston, we have a problem."
Frost/Nixon,2008,400 million people were waiting for the truth.
The Da Vinci Code,2006,Break The Codes
V for Vendetta,2006,Freedom! Forever!
V for Vendetta,2006,Freedom! Forever!
V for Vendetta,2006,Freedom! Forever!
Ninja Assassin,2009,Prepare to enter a secret world of assassins
Speed Racer,2008,Speed has no limits
V for Vendetta,2006,Freedom! Forever!
Speed Racer,2008,Speed has no limits
Speed Racer,2008,Speed has no limits
Speed Racer,2008,Speed has no limits
Speed Racer,2008,Speed has no limits
Speed Racer,2008,Speed has no limits
Ninja Assassin,2009,Prepare to enter a secret world of assassins
Speed Racer,2008,Speed has no limits
Ninja Assassin,2009,Prepare to enter a secret world of assassins
The Green Mile,1999,Walk a mile you'll never forget.
The Green Mile,1999,Walk a mile you'll never forget.
Frost/Nixon,2008,400 million people were waiting for the truth.
The Green Mile,1999,Walk a mile you'll never forget.
Apollo 13,1995,"Houston, we have a problem."
The Green Mile,1999,Walk a mile you'll never forget.
The Green Mile,1999,Walk a mile you'll never forget.
The Green Mile,1999,Walk a mile you'll never forget.
Frost/Nixon,2008,400 million people were waiting for the truth.
Frost/Nixon,2008,400 million people were waiting for the truth.
Bicentennial Man,1999,One robot's 200 year journey to become an ordinary man.
Frost/Nixon,2008,400 million people were waiting for the truth.
One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest,1975,"If he's crazy, what does that make you?"
Hoffa,1992,He didn't want law. He wanted justice.
Hoffa,1992,He didn't want law. He wanted justice.
Hoffa,1992,He didn't want law. He wanted justice.
Apollo 13,1995,"Houston, we have a problem."
A League of Their Own,1992,Once in a lifetime you get a chance to do something different.
Twister,1996,Don't Breathe. Don't Look Back.
Apollo 13,1995,"Houston, we have a problem."
Charlie Wilson's War,2007,A stiff drink. A little mascara. A lot of nerve. Who said they couldn't bring down the Soviet empire.
Twister,1996,Don't Breathe. Don't Look Back.
Twister,1996,Don't Breathe. Don't Look Back.
The Polar Express,2004,This Holiday Season… Believe
Cast Away,2000,"At the edge of the world, his journey begins."
One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest,1975,"If he's crazy, what does that make you?"
Something's Gotta Give,1975,null
Something's Gotta Give,1975,null
Something's Gotta Give,1975,null
Something's Gotta Give,1975,null
Bicentennial Man,1999,One robot's 200 year journey to become an ordinary man.
Charlie Wilson's War,2007,A stiff drink. A little mascara. A lot of nerve. Who said they couldn't bring down the Soviet empire.
A League of Their Own,1992,Once in a lifetime you get a chance to do something different.
A League of Their Own,1992,Once in a lifetime you get a chance to do something different.
A League of Their Own,1992,Once in a lifetime you get a chance to do something different.
A League of Their Own,1992,Once in a lifetime you get a chance to do something different.
The Replacements,2000,"Pain heals, Chicks dig scars... Glory lasts forever"
The Da Vinci Code,2006,Break The Codes
The Birdcage,1996,Come as you are
Unforgiven,1992,"It's a hell of a thing, killing a man"
The Replacements,2000,"Pain heals, Chicks dig scars... Glory lasts forever"
Cloud Atlas,2012,Everything is connected
The Da Vinci Code,2006,Break The Codes
The Replacements,2000,"Pain heals, Chicks dig scars... Glory lasts forever"演员
actors.csv 文件包含四列title、roles、name和born。
actors.csv 文件的内容
actors.csv
title,roles,name,born
Something's Gotta Give,Julian Mercer,Keanu Reeves,1964
Johnny Mnemonic,Johnny Mnemonic,Keanu Reeves,1964
The Replacements,Shane Falco,Keanu Reeves,1964
The Devil's Advocate,Kevin Lomax,Keanu Reeves,1964
The Matrix Revolutions,Neo,Keanu Reeves,1964
The Matrix Reloaded,Neo,Keanu Reeves,1964
The Matrix,Neo,Keanu Reeves,1964
The Matrix Revolutions,Trinity,Carrie-Anne Moss,1967
The Matrix Reloaded,Trinity,Carrie-Anne Moss,1967
The Matrix,Trinity,Carrie-Anne Moss,1967
The Matrix Revolutions,Morpheus,Laurence Fishburne,1961
The Matrix Reloaded,Morpheus,Laurence Fishburne,1961
The Matrix,Morpheus,Laurence Fishburne,1961
V for Vendetta,V,Hugo Weaving,1960
Cloud Atlas,Bill Smoke;Haskell Moore;Tadeusz Kesselring;Nurse Noakes;Boardman Mephi;Old Georgie,Hugo Weaving,1960
The Matrix Revolutions,Agent Smith,Hugo Weaving,1960
The Matrix Reloaded,Agent Smith,Hugo Weaving,1960
The Matrix,Agent Smith,Hugo Weaving,1960
The Matrix,Emil,Emil Eifrem,1978
That Thing You Do,Tina,Charlize Theron,1975
The Devil's Advocate,Mary Ann Lomax,Charlize Theron,1975
The Devil's Advocate,John Milton,Al Pacino,1940
Jerry Maguire,Jerry Maguire,Tom Cruise,1962
Top Gun,Maverick,Tom Cruise,1962
A Few Good Men,Lt. Daniel Kaffee,Tom Cruise,1962
Something's Gotta Give,Harry Sanborn,Jack Nicholson,1937
One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest,Randle McMurphy,Jack Nicholson,1937
Hoffa,Hoffa,Jack Nicholson,1937
As Good as It Gets,Melvin Udall,Jack Nicholson,1937
A Few Good Men,Col. Nathan R. Jessup,Jack Nicholson,1937
A Few Good Men,Lt. Cdr. JoAnne Galloway,Demi Moore,1962
Apollo 13,Jack Swigert,Kevin Bacon,1958
Frost/Nixon,Jack Brennan,Kevin Bacon,1958
A Few Good Men,Capt. Jack Ross,Kevin Bacon,1958
Stand By Me,Ace Merrill,Kiefer Sutherland,1966
A Few Good Men,Lt. Jonathan Kendrick,Kiefer Sutherland,1966
A Few Good Men,Cpl. Jeffrey Barnes,Noah Wyle,1971
What Dreams May Come,Albert Lewis,Cuba Gooding Jr.,1968
As Good as It Gets,Frank Sachs,Cuba Gooding Jr.,1968
Jerry Maguire,Rod Tidwell,Cuba Gooding Jr.,1968
A Few Good Men,Cpl. Carl Hammaker,Cuba Gooding Jr.,1968
A Few Good Men,Lt. Sam Weinberg,Kevin Pollak,1957
Hoffa,Frank Fitzsimmons,J.T. Walsh,1943
A Few Good Men,Lt. Col. Matthew Andrew Markinson,J.T. Walsh,1943
A Few Good Men,Pfc. Louden Downey,James Marshall,1967
A Few Good Men,Dr. Stone,Christopher Guest,1948
A Few Good Men,Man in Bar,Aaron Sorkin,1961
Top Gun,Charlie,Kelly McGillis,1957
Top Gun,Iceman,Val Kilmer,1959
Top Gun,Goose,Anthony Edwards,1962
Top Gun,Viper,Tom Skerritt,1933
When Harry Met Sally,Sally Albright,Meg Ryan,1961
Joe Versus the Volcano,DeDe;Angelica Graynamore;Patricia Graynamore,Meg Ryan,1961
Sleepless in Seattle,Annie Reed,Meg Ryan,1961
You've Got Mail,Kathleen Kelly,Meg Ryan,1961
Top Gun,Carole,Meg Ryan,1961
Jerry Maguire,Dorothy Boyd,Renee Zellweger,1969
Jerry Maguire,Avery Bishop,Kelly Preston,1962
Stand By Me,Vern Tessio,Jerry O'Connell,1974
Jerry Maguire,Frank Cushman,Jerry O'Connell,1974
Jerry Maguire,Bob Sugar,Jay Mohr,1970
The Green Mile,Jan Edgecomb,Bonnie Hunt,1961
Jerry Maguire,Laurel Boyd,Bonnie Hunt,1961
Jerry Maguire,Marcee Tidwell,Regina King,1971
Jerry Maguire,Ray Boyd,Jonathan Lipnicki,1990
Stand By Me,Chris Chambers,River Phoenix,1970
Stand By Me,Teddy Duchamp,Corey Feldman,1971
Stand By Me,Gordie Lachance,Wil Wheaton,1972
Stand By Me,Denny Lachance,John Cusack,1966
RescueDawn,Admiral,Marshall Bell,1942
Stand By Me,Mr. Lachance,Marshall Bell,1942
Cast Away,Kelly Frears,Helen Hunt,1963
Twister,Dr. Jo Harding,Helen Hunt,1963
As Good as It Gets,Carol Connelly,Helen Hunt,1963
You've Got Mail,Frank Navasky,Greg Kinnear,1963
As Good as It Gets,Simon Bishop,Greg Kinnear,1963
What Dreams May Come,Simon Bishop,Annabella Sciorra,1960
Snow Falling on Cedars,Nels Gudmundsson,Max von Sydow,1929
What Dreams May Come,The Tracker,Max von Sydow,1929
What Dreams May Come,The Face,Werner Herzog,1942
Bicentennial Man,Andrew Marin,Robin Williams,1951
The Birdcage,Armand Goldman,Robin Williams,1951
What Dreams May Come,Chris Nielsen,Robin Williams,1951
Snow Falling on Cedars,Ishmael Chambers,Ethan Hawke,1970
Ninja Assassin,Takeshi,Rick Yune,1971
Snow Falling on Cedars,Kazuo Miyamoto,Rick Yune,1971
The Green Mile,Warden Hal Moores,James Cromwell,1940
Snow Falling on Cedars,Judge Fielding,James Cromwell,1940
You've Got Mail,Patricia Eden,Parker Posey,1968
You've Got Mail,Kevin Jackson,Dave Chappelle,1973
RescueDawn,Duane,Steve Zahn,1967
You've Got Mail,George Pappas,Steve Zahn,1967
A League of Their Own,Jimmy Dugan,Tom Hanks,1956
The Polar Express,Hero Boy;Father;Conductor;Hobo;Scrooge;Santa Claus,Tom Hanks,1956
Charlie Wilson's War,Rep. Charlie Wilson,Tom Hanks,1956
Cast Away,Chuck Noland,Tom Hanks,1956
Apollo 13,Jim Lovell,Tom Hanks,1956
The Green Mile,Paul Edgecomb,Tom Hanks,1956
The Da Vinci Code,Dr. Robert Langdon,Tom Hanks,1956
Cloud Atlas,Zachry;Dr. Henry Goose;Isaac Sachs;Dermot Hoggins,Tom Hanks,1956
That Thing You Do,Mr. White,Tom Hanks,1956
Joe Versus the Volcano,Joe Banks,Tom Hanks,1956
Sleepless in Seattle,Sam Baldwin,Tom Hanks,1956
You've Got Mail,Joe Fox,Tom Hanks,1956
Sleepless in Seattle,Suzy,Rita Wilson,1956
Sleepless in Seattle,Walter,Bill Pullman,1953
Sleepless in Seattle,Greg,Victor Garber,1949
A League of Their Own,Doris Murphy,Rosie O'Donnell,1962
Sleepless in Seattle,Becky,Rosie O'Donnell,1962
The Birdcage,Albert Goldman,Nathan Lane,1956
Joe Versus the Volcano,Baw,Nathan Lane,1956
When Harry Met Sally,Harry Burns,Billy Crystal,1948
When Harry Met Sally,Marie,Carrie Fisher,1956
When Harry Met Sally,Jess,Bruno Kirby,1949
That Thing You Do,Faye Dolan,Liv Tyler,1977
The Replacements,Annabelle Farrell,Brooke Langton,1970
Unforgiven,Little Bill Daggett,Gene Hackman,1930
The Birdcage,Sen. Kevin Keeley,Gene Hackman,1930
The Replacements,Jimmy McGinty,Gene Hackman,1930
The Replacements,Clifford Franklin,Orlando Jones,1968
RescueDawn,Dieter Dengler,Christian Bale,1974
Twister,Eddie,Zach Grenier,1954
RescueDawn,Squad Leader,Zach Grenier,1954
Unforgiven,English Bob,Richard Harris,1930
Unforgiven,Bill Munny,Clint Eastwood,1930
Johnny Mnemonic,Takahashi,Takeshi Kitano,1947
Johnny Mnemonic,Jane,Dina Meyer,1968
Johnny Mnemonic,J-Bone,Ice-T,1958
Cloud Atlas,Luisa Rey;Jocasta Ayrs;Ovid;Meronym,Halle Berry,1966
Cloud Atlas,Vyvyan Ayrs;Captain Molyneux;Timothy Cavendish,Jim Broadbent,1949
The Da Vinci Code,Sir Leight Teabing,Ian McKellen,1939
The Da Vinci Code,Sophie Neveu,Audrey Tautou,1976
The Da Vinci Code,Silas,Paul Bettany,1971
V for Vendetta,Evey Hammond,Natalie Portman,1981
V for Vendetta,Eric Finch,Stephen Rea,1946
V for Vendetta,High Chancellor Adam Sutler,John Hurt,1940
Ninja Assassin,Ryan Maslow,Ben Miles,1967
Speed Racer,Cass Jones,Ben Miles,1967
V for Vendetta,Dascomb,Ben Miles,1967
Speed Racer,Speed Racer,Emile Hirsch,1985
Speed Racer,Pops,John Goodman,1960
Speed Racer,Mom,Susan Sarandon,1946
Speed Racer,Racer X,Matthew Fox,1966
Speed Racer,Trixie,Christina Ricci,1980
Ninja Assassin,Raizo,Rain,1982
Speed Racer,Taejo Togokahn,Rain,1982
Ninja Assassin,Mika Coretti,Naomie Harris,null
The Green Mile,John Coffey,Michael Clarke Duncan,1957
The Green Mile,Brutus 'Brutal' Howell,David Morse,1953
Frost/Nixon,"James Reston, Jr.",Sam Rockwell,1968
The Green Mile,'Wild Bill' Wharton,Sam Rockwell,1968
Apollo 13,Ken Mattingly,Gary Sinise,1955
The Green Mile,Burt Hammersmith,Gary Sinise,1955
The Green Mile,Melinda Moores,Patricia Clarkson,1959
Frost/Nixon,Richard Nixon,Frank Langella,1938
Frost/Nixon,David Frost,Michael Sheen,1969
Bicentennial Man,Rupert Burns,Oliver Platt,1960
Frost/Nixon,Bob Zelnick,Oliver Platt,1960
One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest,Martini,Danny DeVito,1944
Hoffa,Robert 'Bobby' Ciaro,Danny DeVito,1944
Hoffa,Peter 'Pete' Connelly,John C. Reilly,1965
Apollo 13,Gene Kranz,Ed Harris,1950
A League of Their Own,Bob Hinson,Bill Paxton,1955
Twister,Bill Harding,Bill Paxton,1955
Apollo 13,Fred Haise,Bill Paxton,1955
Charlie Wilson's War,Gust Avrakotos,Philip Seymour Hoffman,1967
Twister,Dustin 'Dusty' Davis,Philip Seymour Hoffman,1967
Something's Gotta Give,Erica Barry,Diane Keaton,1946
Charlie Wilson's War,Joanne Herring,Julia Roberts,1967
A League of Their Own,'All the Way' Mae Mordabito,Madonna,1954
A League of Their Own,Dottie Hinson,Geena Davis,1956
A League of Their Own,Kit Keller,Lori Petty,1963导演
directors.csv 文件包含三列title、name和born。
directors.csv 文件的内容
directors.csv
title,name,born
Speed Racer,Andy Wachowski,1967
Cloud Atlas,Andy Wachowski,1967
The Matrix Revolutions,Andy Wachowski,1967
The Matrix Reloaded,Andy Wachowski,1967
The Matrix,Andy Wachowski,1967
Speed Racer,Lana Wachowski,1965
Cloud Atlas,Lana Wachowski,1965
The Matrix Revolutions,Lana Wachowski,1965
The Matrix Reloaded,Lana Wachowski,1965
The Matrix,Lana Wachowski,1965
The Devil's Advocate,Taylor Hackford,1944
Ninja Assassin,James Marshall,1967
V for Vendetta,James Marshall,1967
When Harry Met Sally,Rob Reiner,1947
Stand By Me,Rob Reiner,1947
A Few Good Men,Rob Reiner,1947
Top Gun,Tony Scott,1944
Jerry Maguire,Cameron Crowe,1957
As Good as It Gets,James L. Brooks,1940
RescueDawn,Werner Herzog,1942
What Dreams May Come,Vincent Ward,1956
Snow Falling on Cedars,Scott Hicks,1953
That Thing You Do,Tom Hanks,1956
Sleepless in Seattle,Nora Ephron,1941
You've Got Mail,Nora Ephron,1941
Joe Versus the Volcano,John Patrick Stanley,1950
The Replacements,Howard Deutch,1950
Charlie Wilson's War,Mike Nichols,1931
The Birdcage,Mike Nichols,1931
Unforgiven,Clint Eastwood,1930
Johnny Mnemonic,Robert Longo,1953
Cloud Atlas,Tom Tykwer,1965
Apollo 13,Ron Howard,1954
Frost/Nixon,Ron Howard,1954
The Da Vinci Code,Ron Howard,1954
The Green Mile,Frank Darabont,1959
Hoffa,Danny DeVito,1944
Twister,Jan de Bont,1943
The Polar Express,Robert Zemeckis,1951
Cast Away,Robert Zemeckis,1951
One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest,Milos Forman,1932
Something's Gotta Give,Nancy Meyers,1949
Bicentennial Man,Chris Columbus,1958
A League of Their Own,Penny Marshall,1943先决条件
此示例使用 Linux 或 macOS tarball 安装。它假设您的当前工作目录是 tarball 安装的<neo4j-home>目录，并且 CSV 文件放置在默认的import目录中。
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导入数据
- 导入movies.csv文件
LOAD CSV WITH HEADERS FROM 'file:///movies.csv' AS line
MERGE (m:Movie {title: line.title})
ON CREATE SET
m.released = toInteger(line.released),
m.tagline = line.tagline结果
Added 38 nodes, Set 114 properties, Added 38 labels
- 导入actors.csv文件
LOAD CSV WITH HEADERS FROM 'file:///actors.csv' AS line
MATCH (m:Movie {title: line.title})
MERGE (p:Person {name: line.name})
ON CREATE SET p.born = toInteger(line.born)
MERGE (p)-[:ACTED_IN {roles:split(line.roles, ';')}]->(m)结果
Added 102 nodes, Created 172 relationships, Set 375 properties, Added 102 labels
- 导入directors.csv文件
LOAD CSV WITH HEADERS FROM 'file:///directors.csv' AS line
MATCH (m:Movie {title: line.title})
MERGE (p:Person {name: line.name})
ON CREATE SET p.born = toInteger(line.born)
MERGE (p)-[:DIRECTED]->(m)结果
Added 23 nodes, Created 44 relationships, Set 46 properties, Added 23 labels
- 为具有
Person标签的节点创建索引
CREATE INDEX FOR (p:Person)
ON (p.name)结果
Added 1 indexes
CALL db.awaitIndexes基于索引的属性查找
在此示例中，您希望编写一个查询以查找在电影中扮演角色的姓名为“Tom”的人。
MATCH (p:Person)-[:ACTED_IN]->(m:Movie)
WHERE p.name STARTS WITH 'Tom'
RETURN
p.name AS name,
count(m) AS count| 姓名 | 计数 |
|---|---|
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行数：3 |
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查询请求数据库返回所有名为“Tom”的演员。他们有三个：'Tom Cruise'、'Tom Skerritt'和'Tom Hanks'。但是，使用原生索引，您可以利用索引存储属性值的事实。在这种情况下，这意味着可以从索引中直接查找姓名。这允许 Cypher 避免对数据库的第二次调用以查找属性，这可以节省大型查询上的时间。
如果我们分析上述查询，我们会看到Details列中的NodeIndexSeekByRange包含cache[p.name]，这意味着p.name是从索引中检索的。我们还可以看到OrderedAggregation没有DB Hits，这意味着它不必再次访问数据库。
PROFILE
MATCH (p:Person)-[:ACTED_IN]->(m:Movie)
WHERE p.name STARTS WITH 'Tom'
RETURN
p.name AS name,
count(m) AS count查询计划
Planner COST Runtime PIPELINED Runtime version 5.25 Batch size 128 +-----------------------+----+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+------+---------+----------------+------------------------+-----------+------------+---------------------+ | Operator | Id | Details | Estimated Rows | Rows | DB Hits | Memory (Bytes) | Page Cache Hits/Misses | Time (ms) | Ordered by | Pipeline | +-----------------------+----+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+------+---------+----------------+------------------------+-----------+------------+---------------------+ | +ProduceResults | 0 | name, count | 1 | 3 | 0 | | 0/0 | 0.060 | | | | | +----+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+------+---------+----------------+------------------------+-----------+ | | | +OrderedAggregation | 1 | cache[p.name] AS name, count(m) AS count | 1 | 3 | 0 | 1520 | 0/0 | 3.119 | name ASC | In Pipeline 1 | | | +----+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+------+---------+----------------+------------------------+-----------+------------+---------------------+ | +Filter | 2 | m:Movie | 1 | 16 | 32 | | | | | | | | +----+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+------+---------+----------------+ | | | | | +Expand(All) | 3 | (p)-[anon_0:ACTED_IN]->(m) | 1 | 16 | 22 | | | | | | | | +----+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+------+---------+----------------+ | | | | | +NodeIndexSeekByRange | 4 | RANGE INDEX p:Person(name) WHERE name STARTS WITH $autostring_0, cache[p.name] | 0 | 4 | 5 | 120 | 7/0 | 0.611 | p.name ASC | Fused in Pipeline 0 | +-----------------------+----+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+------+---------+----------------+------------------------+-----------+------------+---------------------+ Total database accesses: 59, total allocated memory: 1600 3 rows
如果我们更改查询，使其不再可以使用索引，我们会看到Details列中将没有cache[p.name]，并且EagerAggregation现在有DB Hits，因为它再次访问数据库以检索姓名。
PROFILE
MATCH (p:Person)-[:ACTED_IN]->(m:Movie)
RETURN
p.name AS name,
count(m) AS count查询计划
Planner COST Runtime PIPELINED Runtime version 5.25 Batch size 128 +-------------------+----+-----------------------------------+----------------+------+---------+----------------+------------------------+-----------+---------------------+ | Operator | Id | Details | Estimated Rows | Rows | DB Hits | Memory (Bytes) | Page Cache Hits/Misses | Time (ms) | Pipeline | +-------------------+----+-----------------------------------+----------------+------+---------+----------------+------------------------+-----------+---------------------+ | +ProduceResults | 0 | name, count | 13 | 102 | 0 | | 0/0 | 0.155 | In Pipeline 1 | | | +----+-----------------------------------+----------------+------+---------+----------------+------------------------+-----------+---------------------+ | +EagerAggregation | 1 | p.name AS name, count(m) AS count | 13 | 102 | 344 | 17296 | | | | | | +----+-----------------------------------+----------------+------+---------+----------------+ | | | | +Filter | 2 | p:Person | 172 | 172 | 344 | | | | | | | +----+-----------------------------------+----------------+------+---------+----------------+ | | | | +Expand(All) | 3 | (m)<-[anon_0:ACTED_IN]-(p) | 172 | 172 | 254 | | | | | | | +----+-----------------------------------+----------------+------+---------+----------------+ | | | | +NodeByLabelScan | 4 | m:Movie | 38 | 38 | 39 | 120 | 29/0 | 1.444 | Fused in Pipeline 0 | +-------------------+----+-----------------------------------+----------------+------+---------+----------------+------------------------+-----------+---------------------+ Total database accesses: 981, total allocated memory: 17376 102 rows
对于非原生索引，仍然会进行第二次数据库访问以检索这些值。
可用于启用此优化的谓词为
-
存在性 (例如
WHERE n.name IS NOT NULL) -
相等性 (例如
WHERE n.name = 'Tom Hanks') -
范围 (例如
WHERE n.uid > 1000 AND n.uid < 2000) -
前缀 (例如
WHERE n.name STARTS WITH 'Tom') -
后缀 (例如
WHERE n.name ENDS WITH 'Hanks') -
子字符串 (例如
WHERE n.name CONTAINS 'a') -
使用
OR组合的上述几种类型的谓词，前提是它们都位于同一属性上 (例如WHERE n.prop < 10 OR n.prop = 'infinity')
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如果属性上存在存在性约束，则不需要谓词即可触发优化。例如， |
聚合函数
对于 Cypher 中所有内置聚合函数，即使没有谓词，也可以使用索引支持的属性查找优化。
考虑以下查询，它返回电影数据集中的不同人员名称的数量
PROFILE
MATCH (p:Person)
RETURN count(DISTINCT p.name) AS numberOfNames查询计划
Planner COST Runtime PIPELINED Runtime version 5.25 Batch size 128 +-------------------+----+------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+------+---------+----------------+------------------------+-----------+---------------------+ | Operator | Id | Details | Estimated Rows | Rows | DB Hits | Memory (Bytes) | Page Cache Hits/Misses | Time (ms) | Pipeline | +-------------------+----+------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+------+---------+----------------+------------------------+-----------+---------------------+ | +ProduceResults | 0 | numberOfNames | 1 | 1 | 0 | | 0/0 | 0.026 | In Pipeline 1 | | | +----+------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+------+---------+----------------+------------------------+-----------+---------------------+ | +EagerAggregation | 1 | count(DISTINCT cache[p.name]) AS numberOfNames | 1 | 1 | 0 | 9888 | | | | | | +----+------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+------+---------+----------------+ | | | | +NodeIndexScan | 2 | RANGE INDEX p:Person(name) WHERE name IS NOT NULL, cache[p.name] | 125 | 125 | 126 | 120 | 1/0 | 1.400 | Fused in Pipeline 0 | +-------------------+----+------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+------+---------+----------------+------------------------+-----------+---------------------+ Total database accesses: 126, total allocated memory: 9952 1 row
请注意，Details 列中的 NodeIndexScan 包含 cache[p.name]，并且 EagerAggregation 没有 DB Hits。在这种情况下，聚合函数的语义类似于隐式存在谓词，因为没有 name 属性的 Person 节点不会影响聚合的结果。
索引支持的 ORDER BY
现在考虑对查询进行以下改进
PROFILE
MATCH (p:Person)-[:ACTED_IN]->(m:Movie)
WHERE p.name STARTS WITH 'Tom'
RETURN
p.name AS name,
count(m) AS count
ORDER BY name查询计划
Planner COST Runtime PIPELINED Runtime version 5.25 Batch size 128 +-----------------------+----+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+------+---------+----------------+------------------------+-----------+------------+---------------------+ | Operator | Id | Details | Estimated Rows | Rows | DB Hits | Memory (Bytes) | Page Cache Hits/Misses | Time (ms) | Ordered by | Pipeline | +-----------------------+----+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+------+---------+----------------+------------------------+-----------+------------+---------------------+ | +ProduceResults | 0 | name, count | 1 | 3 | 0 | | 0/0 | 0.025 | | | | | +----+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+------+---------+----------------+------------------------+-----------+ | | | +OrderedAggregation | 1 | cache[p.name] AS name, count(m) AS count | 1 | 3 | 0 | 1520 | 0/0 | 0.097 | name ASC | In Pipeline 1 | | | +----+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+------+---------+----------------+------------------------+-----------+------------+---------------------+ | +Filter | 2 | m:Movie | 1 | 16 | 32 | | | | | | | | +----+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+------+---------+----------------+ | | | | | +Expand(All) | 3 | (p)-[anon_0:ACTED_IN]->(m) | 1 | 16 | 22 | | | | | | | | +----+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+------+---------+----------------+ | | | | | +NodeIndexSeekByRange | 4 | RANGE INDEX p:Person(name) WHERE name STARTS WITH $autostring_0, cache[p.name] | 0 | 4 | 5 | 120 | 7/0 | 0.406 | p.name ASC | Fused in Pipeline 0 | +-----------------------+----+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+------+---------+----------------+------------------------+-----------+------------+---------------------+
我们要求结果按字母顺序升序排列。本机索引恰好以字母顺序升序存储字符串属性，Cypher 知道这一点。在 Neo4j 3.5 及更高版本中，Cypher 计划器将识别索引已按正确的顺序返回数据，并跳过 Sort 操作。
Order by 列描述了每个操作符之后行的顺序。我们看到 Order by 列包含来自索引查找操作的 p.name ASC，这意味着行按 p.name 升序排序。
索引支持的 ORDER BY 也可用于期望结果按降序排列的查询，但性能略低。
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在 Cypher 计划器无法移除 |
min() 和 max()
对于 min 和 max 函数，可以使用索引支持的 ORDER BY 优化来避免聚合，而是利用最小/最大值是排序索引中第一个/最后一个值这一事实。考虑以下查询，它返回按字母顺序排列的第一个演员
PROFILE
MATCH (p:Person)-[:ACTED_IN]->(m:Movie)
RETURN min(p.name) AS name查询计划
Planner COST Runtime PIPELINED Runtime version 5.25 Batch size 128 +-------------------+----+----------------------------+----------------+------+---------+----------------+------------------------+-----------+---------------------+ | Operator | Id | Details | Estimated Rows | Rows | DB Hits | Memory (Bytes) | Page Cache Hits/Misses | Time (ms) | Pipeline | +-------------------+----+----------------------------+----------------+------+---------+----------------+------------------------+-----------+---------------------+ | +ProduceResults | 0 | name | 1 | 1 | 0 | | 0/0 | 0.027 | In Pipeline 1 | | | +----+----------------------------+----------------+------+---------+----------------+------------------------+-----------+---------------------+ | +EagerAggregation | 1 | min(p.name) AS name | 1 | 1 | 344 | 32 | | | | | | +----+----------------------------+----------------+------+---------+----------------+ | | | | +Filter | 2 | p:Person | 172 | 172 | 344 | | | | | | | +----+----------------------------+----------------+------+---------+----------------+ | | | | +Expand(All) | 3 | (m)<-[anon_0:ACTED_IN]-(p) | 172 | 172 | 254 | | | | | | | +----+----------------------------+----------------+------+---------+----------------+ | | | | +NodeByLabelScan | 4 | m:Movie | 38 | 38 | 39 | 120 | 29/0 | 0.990 | Fused in Pipeline 0 | +-------------------+----+----------------------------+----------------+------+---------+----------------+------------------------+-----------+---------------------+ Total database accesses: 981, total allocated memory: 232 1 row
聚合通常使用 EagerAggregation 操作。这意味着扫描索引中的所有节点以查找按字母顺序排列的第一个名称。相反，查询计划为 Projection，后跟 Limit，后跟 Optional。这将简单地从索引中选择第一个值。
对于大型数据集，这可以显著提高性能。
索引支持的 ORDER BY 也可用于使用 max 函数的相应查询，但性能略低。
限制
优化只能在原生索引上工作。它不适用于仅查询空间类型 POINT 的谓词。
可用于启用此优化的谓词为
-
存在性（例如
WHERE n.name IS NOT NULL） -
相等性 (例如
WHERE n.name = 'Tom Hanks') -
范围 (例如
WHERE n.uid > 1000 AND n.uid < 2000) -
前缀 (例如
WHERE n.name STARTS WITH 'Tom') -
后缀 (例如
WHERE n.name ENDS WITH 'Hanks') -
子字符串 (例如
WHERE n.name CONTAINS 'a')
无法使用的谓词
-
使用
OR组合的多个谓词 -
查询点的相等或范围谓词（例如
WHERE n.place > point({ x: 1, y: 2 })） -
空间距离谓词（例如
WHERE point.distance(n.place, point({ x: 1, y: 2 })) < 2）
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如果属性上存在属性存在约束，则不需要谓词即可触发优化。例如， 具有参数的谓词，例如 |