图书管理图谱

目标

本GraphGist的目的是整理图书信息。此想法可用于图书管理系统、内容推荐系统等。首先，将展示设计的数据模型。接下来，加载示例数据并运行示例Cypher查询以展示此模型的应用。

数据模型

Book（图书）概念是模型的核心，其他实体和关系共同描述它。模型包含以下域和关系

表1. 域
域	属性	示例
Book	标题 - 原文	Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone
图书系列	标题	Harry Potter
关键词	名称	magic, students
类型	名称	fantasy, mystery
Person	名，姓	J. K. Rowling
Translation	标题 - 译文)	Harry Potter Ã l’Ecole des sorciers
Language	名称	English, French
EBook	链接	linkToHarryPotterEBook
Review	链接	linkToReview1, linkToReview2
Movie	标题	Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone
Time	世纪, 年, 季节, 日期	1997,
Place	大陆, 国家, 城市名称, 地址	US, UK
出版社	名称	Bloomsbury Publishing, Arthur A. Levine Books

表2. 关系
起始节点	关系	结束节点	示例
Book	IS_PART_OF	图书系列	Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone IS_PART_OF (order no: 1) Harry Potter
Book	DESCRIBED_BY	关键词	Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone DESCRIBED_BY magic
Book	OF_TYPE	类型	Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone OF_TYPE fantasy
Book	WRITTEN_BY	Person	Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone WRITTEN_BY J. K. Rowling
Book	TRANSLATED_TO	Translation	Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone TRANSLATED_TO Harry Potter A L’Ecole des Sorciers
Book	HAS_ORIGINAL_LANGUAGE	Language	Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone HAS_ORIGINAL_LANGUAGE English
Translation	OF_LANGUAGE	Language	Harry Potter A L’Ecole des Sorciers OF_LANGUAGE French
Translation	MADE_BY	Person	Harry Potter A L’Ecole des Sorciers MADE_BY Jean-François Ménard
Book	HAS_E_VERSION	EBook	Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone HAS_E_VERSION eHarryPotter
Translation	HAS_E_VERSION	EBook	Harry Potter A L’Ecole des Sorciers HAS_E_VERSION eHarryPotterInFrench
Book	HAS_REVIEW	Review	Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone HAS_REVIEW review1
Book	MADE_INTO	Movie	Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone MADE_INTO Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone
Book	WHEN_ACTION	Time	Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone WHEN_ACTION XX century
Book	WHEN_PUBLISHED	Time	Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone WHEN_PUBLISHED 1997
Book	WHERE_ACTION	Place	Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone WHERE_ACTION Londyn
Book	WHERE_PUBLISHED	Place	Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone WHERE_PUBLISHED UK
Book	PUBLISHED_BY	出版社	Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone PUBLISHED_BY Bloomsbury Publishing

图谱数据上传

首先，将测试数据添加到数据库中。

上传的数据包含以下图书及其信息

哈利·波特与魔法石由J. K. Rowling用英语写作，是哈利·波特系列的一部分。它于1997年由Bloomsbury Publishing和Arthur A. Levine Books出版。这本书已被翻译成多种语言，包括法语。还有一部基于该书的电影。故事发生在当代伦敦。描述该电影的关键词：magic, students。
偷书贼由Markus Zusak用英语写作。它于2005年由Picador在澳大利亚首次出版。故事发生在XX世纪的纳粹德国。还有一部基于该书的电影。描述该电影的关键词：death, students, judaism。
汤姆·索亚历险记由Mark Twain用英语写作。它于1876年由American Publishing Company在美国出版。故事发生在美国。描述该电影的关键词：boy, children's novel, change, psychology。

//Book
CREATE (harry1:Book{title:'Harry Potter and the Philosophers Stone'}),
       (bookThief:Book{title:'The Book Thief'}),
	   (tom:Book{title:'The Adventures of Tom Sawyer'})

//Book Series
CREATE (harryPotter:BookSeries{title:'Harry Potter'})

//Keyword
CREATE (magic:Keyword{name:'magic'}),
	   (students:Keyword{name:'students'}),
	   (death:Keyword{name:'death'}),
	   (judaism:Keyword{name:'judaism'}),
	   (boy:Keyword{name:'boy'}),
	   (change:Keyword{name:'change'}),
	   (psychology:Keyword{name:'psychology'})

//Genre
CREATE (fantasy:Genre{name:'fantasy'}),
	   (mystery:Genre{name:'mystery'}),
	   (novel:Genre{name:'novel'}),
	   (historical:Genre{name:'historical'}),
	   (fiction:Genre{name:'fiction'}),
	   (Bildungsroman:Genre{name:'Bildungsroman'}),
	   (childrensNovel:Genre{name:'children\'s novel'})


//Person
CREATE (rowling:Person{name:'J. K.', surname:'Rowling'}),
	   (menard:Person{name:'Jean-François', surname:'Ménard'}),
	   (zusak:Person{name:'Markus', surname:'Zusak'}),
	   (twain:Person{name:'Mark', surname:'Twain'})


//Translation
CREATE (harry1French:Translation{title:'Harry Potter Ã  lecole des sorciers'}),
	   (harry1Polish:Translation{title:'Harry Potter i Kamień Filozoficzny'}),
	   (harry1Spanish:Translation{title:'Harry Potter y la piedra filosofal '})


//Language
CREATE (english:Language{name:'English'}),
	   (french:Language{name:'French'}),
	   (polish:Language{name:'Polish'}),
	   (spanish:Language{name:'Spanish'})


//Movie
CREATE (harry1Movie:Movie{title:'Harry Potter and the Philosophers Stone'}),
	   (bookThiefMovie:Movie{title:'The Book Thief'})

//Time
CREATE (year1997:Time{year:'1997'}),
	   (year2005:Time{year:'2005'}),
	   (year1876:Time{year:'1876'}),
	   (centuryXIX:Time{century:'XIX'}),
	   (centuryXX:Time{century:'XX'})

//Place
CREATE (US:Place{country:'US'}),
		(UK:Place{country:'UK'}),
		(London:Place{cityName:'London'}),
		(Australia:Place{country:'Australia'}),
		(Germany:Place{country:'Germany'})

//Publishing House
CREATE (bloomsbury:PublishingHouse{name:'Bloomsbury Publishing'}),
	   (levine:PublishingHouse{name:'Arthur A. Levine Books'}),
	   (picador:PublishingHouse{name:'Picador'}),
	   (apc:PublishingHouse{name:'American Publishing Company'})

//IS_PART_OF
CREATE	 harry1-[:IS_PART_OF]->harryPotter

//DESCRIBED_BY
CREATE	 harry1-[:DESCRIBED_BY]->magic,
		 harry1-[:DESCRIBED_BY]->students,
		 bookThief-[:DESCRIBED_BY]->students,
		 bookThief-[:DESCRIBED_BY]->death,
		 bookThief-[:DESCRIBED_BY]->judaism,
		 tom-[:DESCRIBED_BY]->boy,
		 tom-[:DESCRIBED_BY]->psychology,
		 tom-[:DESCRIBED_BY]->change

//OF_TYPE
CREATE	 harry1-[:OF_TYPE]->fantasy,
		 harry1-[:OF_TYPE]->mystery,
		 harry1-[:OF_TYPE]->fiction,
		 bookThief-[:OF_TYPE]->novel,
		 bookThief-[:OF_TYPE]->historical,
		 bookThief-[:OF_TYPE]->fiction,
		 tom-[:OF_TYPE]->novel,
		 tom-[:OF_TYPE]->Bildungsroman,
		 tom-[:OF_TYPE]->childrensNovel

//WRITTEN_BY
CREATE	 harry1-[:WRITTEN_BY]->rowling,
		 bookThief-[:WRITTEN_BY]->zusak,
		 tom-[:WRITTEN_BY]->twain

//TRANSLATED_TO
CREATE	 harry1-[:TRANSLATED_TO]->harry1French,
		 harry1-[:TRANSLATED_TO]->harry1Polish,
		 harry1-[:TRANSLATED_TO]->harry1Spanish

//HAS_ORIGINAL_LANGUAGE
CREATE	 harry1-[:HAS_ORIGINAL_LANGUAGE]->english,
		 bookThief-[:HAS_ORIGINAL_LANGUAGE]->english,
		 tom-[:HAS_ORIGINAL_LANGUAGE]->english

//OF_LANGUAGE
CREATE	 harry1French-[:OF_LANGUAGE]->french,
		 harry1Polish-[:OF_LANGUAGE]->polish,
		 harry1Spanish-[:OF_LANGUAGE]->spanish

//MADE_BY
CREATE	 harry1French-[:MADE_BY]->menard

//MADE_INTO
CREATE	 harry1-[:MADE_INTO]->harry1Movie,
		 bookThief-[:MADE_INTO]->bookThiefMovie

//WHEN_ACTION
CREATE	 harry1-[:WHEN_ACTION]->centuryXX,
		 bookThief-[:WHEN_ACTION]->centuryXX,
		 tom-[:WHEN_ACTION]->centuryXIX

//WHEN_PUBLISHED
CREATE	 harry1-[:WHEN_PUBLISHED]->year1997,
		 bookThief-[:WHEN_PUBLISHED]->year2005,
		 tom-[:WHEN_PUBLISHED]->year1876

//WHERE_ACTION
CREATE	 harry1-[:WHERE_ACTION]->London,
	     bookThief-[:WHERE_ACTION]->Germany,
	     tom-[:WHERE_ACTION]->US

//WHERE_PUBLISHED
CREATE	 harry1-[:WHERE_PUBLISHED]->UK,
		 bookThief-[:WHERE_PUBLISHED]->Australia,
		 tom-[:WHERE_PUBLISHED]->US

//PUBLISHED_BY
CREATE	 harry1-[:PUBLISHED_BY]->bloomsbury,
		 bookThief-[:PUBLISHED_BY]->picador,
		 tom-[:PUBLISHED_BY]->apc

应用

以下数据模型和查询可以根据多种条件检索图书信息。

查找类型为“小说”的图书

MATCH (b:Book)-[:OF_TYPE]->(:Genre{name:'novel'}),
       b-[:DESCRIBED_BY]->(k:Keyword)
RETURN b.title AS book, collect(k.name) as keywords
ORDER BY b.title

查找由“Bloomsbury Publishing”出版的图书

MATCH (b:Book)-[:PUBLISHED_BY]->(:PublishingHouse{name:'Bloomsbury Publishing'}),
       b-[:WHEN_PUBLISHED]->(t:Time),
       b-[:WHERE_PUBLISHED]->(p:Place)
RETURN b.title AS book, t.year as time, p.country as place
ORDER BY t DESC, b.title

查找故事发生在德国XX世纪的图书

MATCH (b:Book)-[:WHERE_ACTION]->(:Place{country:'Germany'}),
       b-[:WHEN_ACTION]->(:Time{century:'XX'})
RETURN b.title AS book
ORDER BY b.title

查找所有被拍成电影的图书

MATCH (b:Book)-[:MADE_INTO]->(m:Movie),
       b-[:WHEN_PUBLISHED]->(t:Time)
WHERE m.title<>""
RETURN b.title AS book, t.year as time
ORDER BY t.year DESC, b.title

查找图书的外语译本

MATCH (b:Book)-[:TRANSLATED_TO]->(t:Translation)
RETURN DISTINCT b.title AS book, collect(t.title) as translations
ORDER BY b.title

总结

所呈现的模型是可扩展的：可以添加其他内容的信息，例如与特定图书对应的电影、有声书、电脑游戏。这些整理好的信息是一个关于图书的知识库，可用于搜索特定内容或内容推荐。可以添加经典社交网络形式的额外层，以实现根据阅读品味为人们建立画像、寻找相似的人（基于他们的阅读品味）等功能。该模型还可用于证明，与关系型数据库相比，该领域的图谱建模和查询要容易得多。

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